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Internal State vs External State: Where Should Your Microservice Store Its Data?

Most microservices postmortems that look like network or deployment problems are actually data-ownership problems. Two services quietly sharing a database, or one service reaching into another’s tables “just this once,” and six months later nobody can deploy either one without coordinating with the other team. The question “where should this data live” isn’t a storage

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Events vs APIs vs Queues: When Should Your Microservices Use Each One?

“Should this be an API call or should we queue it?” is a common question in design reviews. The less common but more important question is where events fit, because people quietly conflate them with queues — and that conflation is where a lot of production pain comes from. All three move data between services.

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Kafka vs REST vs gRPC for AI Systems: Picking the Right Wire Protocol for Every Layer

Why the question isn’t “which one wins” — it’s “which one owns this boundary” In design reviews for AI infrastructure, someone always asks “REST or gRPC?” and someone else says “why not just Kafka?” Both are right, and both are asking the wrong question — these three don’t compete on the same axis. REST and

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